Every released lot carries a reverse-phase HPLC purity report and an LAL bacterial endotoxin assay, both generated against that synthesis and published before the lot ships.
A certificate of analysis is the analytical record for one specific synthesis batch, identified by lot number. It is not a statement about the product line. A supplier who publishes one certificate per product rather than one per lot is showing you what some other batch looked like.
Reverse-phase HPLC separates a sample by hydrophobicity and reports the main peak's area as a percentage of total peak area. Detection is at 214 nm, where the peptide bond absorbs. Small flanking peaks are typically deletion sequences or incompletely deprotected material.
The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay measures bacterial lipopolysaccharide, reported in endotoxin units per milligram. Below 0.5 EU/mg is the PeptideSeed release specification.
Observed mass is compared against the calculated mass for the sequence. Mass-spec confirmation is available on request for any lot in the catalogue.
A fuller walkthrough is in the guide on how to read a certificate of analysis, and the methods themselves are covered in HPLC purity explained and endotoxin testing explained.